SORBONNE
2008-2011: Core Course (Three-Year Cycle, 2 semesters each year)
1. 2008-2009: Emergence and development of a critical thought in Judaism from Saadia Gaon up to Spinoza / Prof. Jean-Christophe Attias
2. 2009-2010: Modernization and secularization in European Jewish Societies (XVIIIth-XXth centuries) / Prof. Esther Benbassa (with the collaboration of Prof. Jean-Christophe Attias)
3. 2010-2011: Encounter with the West : Modernization and secularization of the Jews in Islamic landscenturies) (XIXth-XXth / Prof. Esther Benbassa
Complementary Courses
2008-2009:
The Marranos and the expansion of commercial networks in the XVIIth century (Europe-Africa-Americas) I / Dr. Ricardo Escobar (1 semester)
The condition of Sefardi women in Western Europe : the case of the Netherlands XVIIth-XVIIIth centuries / Ms Glenda Gambus, ATER-Temporary Teaching and Research Assistant (1 semester)
Being a Jew and an intellectual in the XIXth and XXth centuries / Prof. Esther Benbassa (2 semesters)
Feminism in Israel / Dr. Valérie Pouzol, professeur agrégé (1 semester)
Zionism and the development of a secular Jewish culture in Palestine and afterwards in the State of Israel I / Ms Stéphanie Laithier, professeur agrégé,
PRAG/Tenured Research and Teaching Assistant (2 semesters)
Contemporary Jewish Philosophy I / Dr. Sophie Nordmann, professeur agrégé (1 semester)
Psychoanalysis, Jewish identity and religious issues I / Dr. Elisabeth Roudinesco (2 semesters)
2009-2010
Jewish culture and the Bible: the secular uses of a religious heritage I / Prof. Jean-Christophe Attias (2 semesters)
The Marranos and the expansion of commercial networks in the XVIIth century (Europe-Africa-Americas) II / Dr. Ricardo Escobar (1 semester)
Marriage and family in the Sephardi communities of the West, XVIIth-XVIIIth centuries / Ms Glenda Gambus, ATER-Temporary Teaching and Research Assistant (1 semester)
Zionism and the development of a secular Jewish culture in Palestine and afterwards in the State of Israel II / Ms Stéphanie Laithier, professeur agrégé, PRAG/Tenured Research and Teaching Assistant (2 semesters)
Contemporary Jewish Philosophy II / Dr. Sophie Nordmann professeur agrégé (1 semester)
Psychoanalysis, Jewish identity and religious issues II / Dr. Elisabeth Roudinesco (2 semesters)
2010-2011
Jewish culture and the Bible: the secular uses of a religious heritage II / Prof. Jean-Christophe Attias (2 semesters)
How French schoolbooks teach the history of slavery, colonialism and the Holocaust / M. Sébastien Ledoux (1 semester)
Secular Zionist mythology: from Massada up to Trumpeldor / Ms Stéphanie Laithier, professeur agrégé, PRAG/Research and Teaching Assistant (2 semesters)
Contemporary Jewish Philosophy III / Dr. Sophie Nordmann (1 semester)
Psychoanalysis, Jewish identity and religious issues III / Dr. Elisabeth Roudinesco (2 semesters)
COURSE IN SECULAR JUDAISM 1
ECOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES ETUDES, SORBONNE (PARIS)
2008-2009
Emergence and development of a critical thought in Judaism from Saadia Gaon up to Spinoza
Prof. Jean-Christophe Attias
This course will try to show how external challenges, such as the threat of two rival and powerful monotheisms (Christianity and Islam) or the penetration of the frames of thought, values and questions of Ancient Greek
philosophy, as well as internal debates and controversies paved the way for the development of a Jewish “critical thought” and for a gradual secularization of Jewish intellectual elite’s culture.
First semester
1-2: Introduction: What may be called “critical thought” in a Jewish medieval context?
3-4: The major challenges of the medieval era (1). External challenges: Christianity, Islam and philosophy
Gilbert Dahan, La Polémique chrétienne contre le judaïsme au Moyen Âge, Paris : Albin Michel, coll. «Présences du judaïsme», 1991 ; Hava Lazarus-Yafeh, Intertwined Worlds. Medieval Islam and Bible Criticism, Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1992 (selections) ; Shlomo Pinès, La Liberté de philosopher. De Maïmonide à
Spinoza, translation, introduction and notes by Rémi Brague, Paris : Desclée de Brouwer, 1997 (selections).
5-6: The major challenges of the medieval era (2). An internal challenge: Karaism and its critique of Talmudic culture
Leon Nemoy, Karaite Anthology, New Haven: Yale University Press-Geoffrey
Cumberledge-Oxford University Press, 1952 (selections); Emanuela. Trevisan-Semi, Les Caraïtes. Un autre judaïsme, Paris : Albin Michel, 1992.
7-8: Philosophical responses
Gérard Bensussan, Qu’est-ce que la philosophie juive ?, Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 2004 (selections); Colette Sirat, La Philosophie juive médiévale en terre d’Islam, Paris : Presses du CNRS, 1988 (selections); id., La Philosophie juive médiévale en pays de chrétienté, Paris : Presses du CNRS, 1988 (selections).
Text: Moses Maimonides, The Guide for the Perplexed (excerpts)
9-10: Exegetical responses
Maurice-Ruben Hayoun, L’Exégèse juive. Exégèse et philosophie dans le judaïsme, new edition, Paris : PUF, 2000 ; Irene Lancaster, Deconstructing the Bible : Abraham Ibn Ezra’s introduction to the Torah, London - New York: Routledge-Curzon, 2003 (selections).
Text: Abraham Ibn Ezra, Introduction to his Commentary of the Torah (excerpts)
11-12: Apologetics and Polemics
Daniel J. Lasker, Jewish Philosophical Polemics against Christianity in the Middle Ages, new edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press-Littman Library, 2007
(selections); Nahmanide, La Dispute de Barcelone, translated from the Hebrew, Lagrasse, Verdier, 1984.
Text: Moses Nahmanides, Sefer ha-Vikuah (excerpts)
Second semester
13-14 : Internal debates (1): Kabbalah versus philosophy ?
Abraham Aboulafia, L’Épître des Sept voies, translated from the Hebrew by Jean-Christophe Attias, Paris: L’Éclat, 1985 (selections); Moshe Idel, L’Expérience mystique d’Abraham Aboulafia, Paris, Cerf, 1989 (selections); Charles Mopsik, Cabale et Cabalistes, new edition, Paris: Albin Michel, 2003.
Text: Abraham Aboulafia, Epistle of the Seven Paths of the Torah (excerpts)
15-16 : Internal debates (2): Fideists versus rationalists ?
Gad Freudenthal, Jean-Pierre Rothschild et Gilbert Dahan, eds, Torah et science. Perspectives historiques et théoriques. Études offertes à Charles Touati, Louvain : Peeters, 2001 (selections); Charles Touati, « La controverse de 1303-1306 autour des études philosophiques et scientifiques », Revue des études juives 127 (1), janvier-mars 1968.
Case study: The 1230-1233 and 1303-1306 controversies
17-18: Last masters of a medieval Jewish critical thought: Gersonides, Narboni, Crescas
Maurice-Ruben Hayoun, La Philosophie et la théologie de Moïse de Narbonne, 1300-1362, Tübingen : J.C.B. Mohr, 1989 (selections); Charles Touati, La Pensée philosophique et théologique de Gersonide, new edition, Paris : Gallimard, 1992 (selections); Marc Tobiass et Maurice Ifergan, Crescas, un philosophe juif dans l'Espagne médiévale, Paris : Cerf, 1995 (selections).
Texts : Excerpts of works of Gersonides, Narboni and Crescas
19-20: Fixing Jewish “Dogma”: a regression ? Jewish thought in the XVth century
Menachem Kellner, Dogma in Medieval Jewish Thought. From Maimonides to Abravanel, Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1986; Colette Sirat, La Philosophie juive médiévale en pays de chrétienté, Paris : Presses du CNRS, 1988 (selections).
Texts : Joseph Albo, Book of Principles (excerpts)
21-22: Abravanel, father and son: towards the end of medieval Jewish philosophy?
Jean-Christophe Attias, Isaac Abravanel, la mémoire et l’espérance, Paris : Cerf, 1992 (selections); Léon Hébreu, Dialogues d'amour, translation of Pontus de Tyard,1551, edited by Tristan Dagron and Saverio Ansaldi, introduction and notes by Tristan Dagron, Paris : Vrin, 2006 (selections).
Texts: Excerpts of Isaac Abravanel’s messianic trilogy and of Judah Abravanel’s Dialogues of Love
23-24: Spinoza: the first secular Jew?
Bibliography : Heidi M. Ravven et Lenn E. Goodman, eds, Jewish Themes in Spinoza’s Philosophy, Albany, SUNY Press, 2002 (selections); Baruch Spinoza, Traité théologico-politique, translated from the Latin, Paris: PUF, 1998
(selections); Yirmiyahu Yovel, Spinoza et autres hérétiques, translated from the English, Paris: Seuil, 1991 (selections).
Text : Tractatus theologico-politicus (excerpts)
COURSE IN SECULAR JUDAISM 2
ECOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES ETUDES, SORBONNE (PARIS)
2009-2010
Modernization and secularization in European Jewish societies (XVIIIth-XXth centuries)
Prof. Esther Benbassa (with the collaboration of Prof. Jean-Christophe Attias)
This course will examine the various aspects of the process of modernization and secularization in which European Jews were engaged in the XVIIIth-XXth centuries: legal emancipation, social evolutions, cultural assimilation and/or revivals, political struggles, etc. Case studies will include France, Germany, Central and Eastern Europe. A special attention will be devoted to the emergence and development of a new secular Jewish culture.
First semester
1-2: Introduction: What mean “modernization” and “secularization” in a Jewish context?
Paul Mendes-Flohr and Jehuda Reinharz, The Jew in the Modern World. A Documentary History, New York : Oxford University Press, 1995 (selections); Jacob Katz, De la tradition à la crise. La société juive à la fin du Moyen Âge, translated from the English, Paris : Cerf, 2000 (selections); Jacques Le Goff, Histoire et mémoire, second ed., Paris : Gallimard-Folio, 1988 (selections).
3-4: Dynamics of modernity inside Jewish communities before the Emancipation
Ronald Schechter, Obstinate Hebrews. Representations of Jews in France, 1715-1815, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003 (selections); Adam Sutcliffe, Judaism and Enlightenment, Cambridge - New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003 (selections).
5-6 : Moses Mendelssohn and Salomon Maimon, two “modern” Jewish thinkers?
Alan T. Levenson, An Introduction to Modern Jewish Thinkers. From Spinoza to Soloveitchik to Spinoza, 2nd ed., Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006 (selections) ; David Sorkin, Moïse Mendelssohn. Un penseur juif à l’ère des Lumières, translated from the English, Paris : Albin Michel, 1996 ; S. Maimon, Histoire de ma vie, translated from the German, Paris : Berg International, 1984.
7-8 : Jewish Women and their salons in Germany
Hannah Arendt, Rahel Varnhagen, translated from the German, Paris : Tierce, 1986;
Emily D. Bilski et Emily Braun, eds. Jewish Women and Their Salons. The Power of Conversation, New York- New Haven: Jewish Museum-Yale University Press, 2005 ; Verena von der Heyden-Rynsch, Salons européens, translated from the German, Paris : Gallimard, 1993 (selections).
9-10: Emancipation and assimilation in Western and Central Europe. The emergence of new hybrid identities
Esther Benbassa, Histoire des Juifs de France, 3rd ed., Paris : Seuil, 2004 (selections) ; Michael Brenner, Vicki Caron, Uri R. Kaufmann, eds., Jewish Emancipation Reconsidered. The French and German Models, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003 (selections) ; Jonathan Frankel et Steve J. Zipperstein, eds.,
Assimilation and Community. The Jews in Nineteenth Century Europe, second ed., Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004 (selections); Jacob Katz, Hors du ghetto. L’Émancipation des Juifs en Europe (1770-1870), translated from the English, Paris, Hachette, 1984 (selections).
11: Judaism as an object of science : the Wissenschaft des Judentums
Pardès (19-20), 1994, « Dossier : La religion comme science. La Wissenschaft des Judentums» ; Perrine Simon-Nahum, La Cité investie. La «Science du judaïsme» français et la République, Paris : Cerf, 1991 (selections); Celine Trautmann-Waller, Philologie allemande et tradition juive. Le parcours intellectuel de Leopold Zunz,
Paris, Cerf, 1998 (selections).
12: Writing Jewish History in a time of integration and assimilation
Delphine Bechtel et al., eds. Écriture de l’histoire et identité juive. L’Europe ashkénaze XIXe - XXe siècle, Paris : Les Belles Lettres, 2003 (selections) ; Esther Benbassa, La Souffrance comme identité, Paris: Fayard, 2007 (selections); David Myers and David B. Ruderman, eds. The Jewish Past Revisited. Reflections on Modern Jewish Historians, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998 (selections).
Second semester
13-14: Enlightenment in Eastern European communities and the birth of profane culture
Israel Bartal, The Jews of Eastern Europe, 1772-1881, second ed., translated the Hebrew, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006 (selections); Shlomo Feiner, The Jewish Enlightenment, translated from the Hebrew, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004 (selections); Marcus Moseley, Being for Myself Alone. Origins of Jewish Autobiography, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006 (selections); Mendele Moykher Seforim, Fishké le boîteux, translated from the yiddish, Paris, Cerf, 1996; Moshe Pelli, In Search of Genre. Hebrew Enlightenment
and Modernity, Lanham: University Press of America, 2005 (selections).
15-16: Politization, another aspect of modernization
David Biale, Power and Powerlesness in Jewish History, New York: Schocken Books, 1986 ; David Biale, Pouvoir et violence dans l’histoire juive, translated from the English, Paris : L’Éclat, 2005; Pierre Birnbaum, Les Fous de la République. Histoire politique des Juifs d’État, de Gambetta à Vichy, 2nd edition, Paris : Seuil, 1994
(selections) ; Pierre Birnbaum, Un mythe politique, "la République juive". De Léon Blum à Pierre Mendès France, Paris : Fayard, 1988 (selections); Ezra Mendelsohn, On Modern Jewish Politics, New York, Oxford University Press, 1993 (selections).
17: The Bund and the experience of secular Jewish politics
Henri Minczeles, Histoire générale du Bund. Un mouvement révolutionnaire juif, second edition, Paris : Denoël, 1999 (selections) ; Joshua D. Zimmerman, Poles, Jews, and the Politics of Nationality. The Bund and the Socialist Party in Late Tsarist Russia, 1892-1914, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004 (selections).
18-19 : Philosophies of Judaism and Jewish scholarship in Germany
P. Bouretz, Témoins du futur. Philosophie et messianisme, Paris, Gallimard, 2003 (selections); J. Guttmann, Histoire des philosophies juives, translated from the English, Paris : Gallimard, 1994, p. 359-493 ; S. Mosès, L’Ange de l’Histoire. Rosenzweig, Benjamin, Scholem, new edition, Paris : Gallimard, coll. « Folio-Essais », 2006 (selections); G. G. Scholem, De Berlin à Jérusalem. Souvenirs de jeunesse, translated from the German, Paris : Albin Michel, 1984 (selections); E. Traverso, La Pensée dispersée. Figures de l’exil judéo-allemand, Paris, Scheer, 2004.
20-21 : Vienna, a secular Jerusalem
Steven Beller, Vienne et les Juifs : 1867-1938, translated from the English, Paris, Nathan: 1991 (selections); William O. McCagg Jr., Les Juifs des Habsbourg 1670-1918, translated from the English, Paris : PUF, 1996 (selections); Robert S. Wistrich, The Jews of Vienna in the Age of Franz Joseph, Oxford: Oxford University Press-
Littman Library, 1989 (selections); Yosef H. Yerushalmi, Le Moïse de Freud. Judaïsme terminable et interminable, translated from the English, Paris: Gallimard, 1993 (selections); Stefan Zweig, Le Monde d’hier. Souvenirs d’un Européen, translated from the German, Paris, LGF - Livre de Poche, 1996.
22: Jewish Musicians in Europe : from Fromental Halevy to Darius Milhaud
Francine Bloch, Darius Milhaud, 1892-1974 , Paris : BNF, 2000 (selections); Frans C. Lemaire, Le Destin juif et la musique. Trois mille ans d’histoire, Paris : Fayard, 2001(selections).
23: Jewish Feminism in Europe
Marion A. Kaplan, The Jewish Feminist Movement in Germany, Westport: Greenwood Press, 1979 (selections); Linda Gordon Kuzmack, Woman’s Cause. The Jewish Woman’s Movement in England and the United States, 1881-1933, Colombus: Ohio University Press, 1990 (selections).
24: Immigration from Eastern Europe, a new step towards modernity and secularism
Nancy L. Green, Les Travailleurs immigrés juifs à la Belle époque: le " Pletzl " de Paris, translated from the English, Paris : Fayard, 1985 (selections); Irving Howe, Le Monde de nos pères. L’extraordinaire odyssée des Juifs d’Europe de l’Est en Amérique, translated from the English, Paris : Michalon, 1997 (selections).
COURSE IN SECULAR JUDAISM 3
ECOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES ETUDES, SORBONNE (PARIS)
2010-2011
Encounter with the West :
Modernization and secularization of the Jews in Islamic lands (XIXth-XXth centuries)
Prof. Esther Benbassa
This course will examine the process of modernization in which Jews of the Islamic lands were engaged during the XIXth and XXth centuries not only as a consequence of the growing influence of the West in these regions (via
direct or indirect colonisation) but also as a result of the voluntarist policy of local Jewish elites. Case studies will include the Ottoman Empire, the Balkans and North Africa. A special attention will be devoted to the deep
transformation and secularization of Jewish culture in these countries.
First semester
1-2: The beginnings of Westernization in the Ottoman Empire and its impact on Sephardi Communities
Carter V. Findley, Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire. The Sublime Porte, 1789-1922, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980 (selections); Benjamin Braude and Bernard Lewis, Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire. The Functioning of a Plural Society, New York, Holmes & Meier, 1982, 2 vol. (selections).
3-4: Western pressure, Ottoman reforms and the evolution of the status of ethnic and religious minorities in the Ottoman Empire
Youssef Courbage et Philippe Fargues, Chrétiens et Juifs dans l’Islam arabe et turc, new edition, Paris : Payot, 2005 (selections) ; Avigdor Levy, Jews, Turks, Ottomans. A Shared History, Fifteenth through the Twentieth Century, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2002 (selections).
4-5: Jewish life in Islamic lands before the colonisation
André Chouraqui, Histoire des Juifs en Afrique du Nord, Paris, Hachette, 1985 (selections) ; Shlomo Deshen, Les Gens du Mellah. La vie juive au Maroc à l’époque pré-coloniale, translated from English, Paris : Albin Michel, 1991 (selections) ; Shlomo Deshen et Walter P., Jewish Societies in the Middle East. Community, Culture and Authority, Lanham: Community, Culture and Authority, Lanham, University Press of America, 1982 (selections); Renzo de Felice, Jews in an Arab Land. Libya, 1835-1970, translated from Italian, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985
(selections); Emily Gottreich, The Mellah of Marrakesh. Jewish and Muslim Space in Morocco, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2007; Haïm Zafrani, Deux mille ans de vie juive au Maroc, new edition, Paris : Maisonneuve & Larose, 1998 (selections).
6-7: French colonization in North Africa and the Jews
Michel Abitbol, Le Passé d’une discorde. Juifs et Arabes depuis le VIIe siècle, new edition , Paris : Perrin, coll. « Tempus », 2003 (selections); Daniel Schroeter, The Sultan’s Jew. Morocco and the Sephardi World, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2002 (selections); Simon Schwarzfuchs, ed. Les Juifs d’Algérie et la France (1830-
1855), Jerusalem : Ben Zvi Institute, 1981 (selections) ; Jacques Taïeb, Sociétés juives du Maghreb moderne, 1500-1900, Paris : Maisonneuve et Larose, 2000 (selections).
8: The Damascus Affair and the emergence of a modern Jewish solidarity in Europe towards the Sephardi world
Jonathan Frankel, The Damascus Affair. «Ritual Murder», new edition, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997 (selections); Ronald Florence, Blood Libel. The Damascus Affair of 1840, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004 (selections)
9-10: How the European Jewish elite discovered the Jews of Islamic Lands in the era of Orientalism
Esther Benbassa et Aron Rodrigue, Histoire des Juifs sépharades. De Tolède à Salonique, new edition, Paris, Seuil, 2002 (selections) ; Ismar Schorsch, « The Myth of Sephardic Supremacy », Leo Baeck Institute Year Book (34), 1989, p. 47-66; Daniel Schroeter, “Orientalism and the Jew of the Mediterranean”, Journal of Mediterranean
Studies, 4 (2°, 1994, p. 183-196.
11-12: Entering the era of modernization: internal dynamics (Haskalah in the Ottoman Empire)
Esther Benbassa and Aron Rodrigue, Histoire des Juifs sépharades, op. cit. (selections); Harvey Goldberg, ed. Sephardi and Middle Eastern Jewries. History and Culture in the Modern Era, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996 (selections).
Second semester
13-14: The role of European Jewish philanthropy in the Westernization of the Jews of Islamic Lands. The impact of the Western model of education.
Esther Benbassa, « L’éducation féminine en Orient : l’école de fille de l’Alliance israélite universelle à Galata, Istanbul (1879-1912)», Histoire, Économie et Société (4), 4th trimester 1991, p.529-559 ; Michael M. Laskier, The Alliance Israélite Universelle and the Jewish Communities of Morocco, 1862-1962, Albany : Suny Press, 1983 (selections) ; Bernard Lewis, Juifs en terre d’Islam, trad. de l’anglais, new edition, Paris : Flammarion, coll. «Champs», 1989 (selections) ; Aron Rodrigue, De l’instruction à l’émancipation. Les Enseignants de l’Alliance israélite universelle et les Juifs d’Orient, 1860-1939, translated from English, Paris : Calmann-Lévy, 1989
(selections) ; Aron Rodrigue, French Jews- Turkish Jews. The Alliance israélite universelle and the Politics of Jewish Schooling in Turkey, 1860-1925, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1990 (selections).
15: The Décret Crémieux: how Algerian Jews became French citizens
Daniel Amson, Adolphe Crémieux. L’Oublié de la gloire, Paris, Seuil, 1988 (selections) ; Patricia M. E. Lorcin, Algeria and France, 1800-2000. Identity, Memory, Nostalgia, Syracuse, Syracuse University Press, 2006 (selections).
16-17: Social, economic and cultural changes inside the communities
David Biale, ed. Les Cultures des Juifs. Une nouvelle histoire, translated from the English, Paris : L’Éclat, 2005 (selections); Rina Molho, Salonica and Istanbul. Social, Political and Cultural Aspects of Jewish Life, Istanbul: Isis, 2005 (selections); Daniel Schroeter, The Sultan’s Jew. Morocco and the Sephardi World, Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 2002 (selections); Rachel Simon, Change within Tradition among Jewish Women in Libya, Seattle:University of Washington Press, 1992 (selections).
18: Jews and Muslims in the new context
Michel Abitbol, Juifs et Arabes au XXe siècle, new edition, Paris : Perrin, coll. «Tempus », 2007 (selections) ; Sonia Fellous, ed. Juifs et musulmans en Tunisie. Fraternité et déchirements, Paris, Somogy, 2003 (selections) ; Mark Mazower, Salonica City of Ghosts. Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950. London: HarperCollins, 2004 (selections); Norman A. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands in Modern Times, Philadelphie: JPS, 1991 (selections).
19: Modern European Antisemitism in Islamic lands
Esther Benbassa and Aron Rodrigue, Histoire des Juifs sépharades, op. cit. (selections) ; Pierre Birnbaum, Le Moment antisémite, un tour de la France en 1898, Paris : Fayard, 1998 (selections).
20: The development of a modern secular press
Esther Benbassa and Aron Rodrigue, Histoire des Juifs sépharades, op. cit. (selections) ; E. Benbassa, ed. Les Sépharades en littérature. Un parcours millénaire, Paris : PUPS, 2005 (selections) ; Joseph Chetrit, «Discours et modernité dans les communautés juives d’Afrique du Nord à la fin du XIXe siècle» dans : E. Benbassa (éd.), Transmission et Passages en monde juif, Paris, Publisud, 1997, p. 379-400.
21-22: Paths of politization
Esther Benbassa and Aron Rodrigue, Histoire des Juifs sépharades, op. cit. (selections); Reeya S. Simon, Michael M. Laskier et Sara Requer, ed., The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times, New York, Columbia University Press, 2003 (selections); Norman A. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands in Modern Times, op. cit. (selections).
23-24: The dispersion
Joel Beinin, The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry. Culture, Politics, and the Formation of a Modern Diaspora, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998 (selections); Moshe Gat, The Jewish Exodus from Iraq 1941-1951, translated from Hebrew, Ilford : Frank Cass, 1997 (selections); Albert Memmi, Portrait d’un Juif, new edition, Paris :
Gallimard- Folio, 2003 ; Benjamin Stora, Les Trois exils. Juifs d’Algérie, Paris, Stock, 2006 (selections) ; Claude Tapia, Les Juifs sépharades en France (1965-1985), Paris : L’Harmattan, 1986 (selections).
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